Orifice plate free download as powerpoint presentation. An orifice may be defined as an opening provided in the side or bottom of a tank, for the. Che241 lab report flowmeter measurement apparatus fm101 2015. Each meter works by its ability to alter a certain physical property of the flowing fluid. It is one of the popular books for mechanical engineering and civil engineering students. An experiment was conducted to explore the use of an orifice meter and manometer for predicting fluid discharge through. Orifice, nozzle and venturi flow rate meters the orifice, nozzle and venturi flow rate meters use the bernoulli equation to calculate fluid. Boston, ma 614 to 6182010 3 one phase, incompressible flow. A simple and inexpensive sharpedged orifice demonstration is described for use in the. Fluid mechanics laboratory institute of technology. Lab manual for fluid mechanics me216f fluid mechanics lab. In this meter the fluid is accelerated by its passage through a converging cone of angle 15.
The downstream bore of the orifice is chamfered at 40 to provide an effective orifice plate thickness of 0. Performance on hydraulic a pelton wheel b francis turbine c kaplan turbine. Pitot tube, venturi meter and orifice meter classification of orifices, flow over rectangular, triangular and trapezoidal and stepped notches broad crested weirs. The total energy of the fluid excluding internal energy is no longer constant. An obstruction in a fluid flow creates vortices in a downstream flow. An opening, in a vessel, through which the liquid flows out is known as orifice. This hole or opening is called an orifice, so long as the level of the liquid on the upstream side is above the top of the orifice.
The pressure at the entrance to the meter is gauge and it is undesirable that the pressure should at any point, fall below absolute. This flow meter quickly and easily fits into place between the adaptors in the base unit of the flow meter. Pdf numerical methodology for orifice meter calibration. It shows the accuracy and use of a sharpedged orifice flow meter. How an orifice meter works as fluid approaches the orifice, the pressure increases slightly and then drops suddenly as the fluid passes through the orifice. A popular flow meter for use with tecquipments flow meter calibration unit h40. Review relevant material from your undergraduate fluid mechanics courses, including i reynolds number, ii losses in straight pipes and the moody diagram, iii bernoullis equation and the mechanical energy balance, iv orifice meters. An inexpensive yet portable device for calibrating four different flow meters in the undergraduate fluid mechanics laboratory was designed and constructed. It is a cheaper device as compared to venturimeter.
Mobile, floor standing service unit for fluid mechanics apparatus base constructed from robust, corrosion resistant plastic molding top. The minimum cross sectional area of the jet is known as the venacontracta. To find the coefficient of discharge of a venturi meter to find the coefficient of discharge of an orifice meter theory. Fluid mechanics notes pdf, fluid mechanics book, fluid mechanics pdf notes 1. Well to measure the flow rate this three flow meters venturi meter, orifice meter and flow nozzle, they work on the same. Flow measurement by venturi meter and orifice meter objectives.
Provided the standard mechanics of construction are followed no further calibration is required. There are many different meters used to measure fluid flow. Orifice plates and venturi tubes michael readerharris. Jul 23, 2018 subject fluid mechanics topic module 4 venturi meter lecture 28 faculty venugopal sharma gate academy plus is an effort to initiate free online digital resources for the first time. All matter is composed of exceedingly tiny particles called molecules. Orifice mouthpiece calibrated collecting tank stop watch theory.
Manometer tappings are positioned 20mm before the orifice and 10mm after the orifice. To determine the coefficient of discharge of the given flow meter. In the previous programme we saw that the relationship between the pressure p, the velocity u and the elevation z of a flowing fluid is given by bernoullis equation. Pdf che241 lab report flowmeter measurement apparatus. This also work on the same principle as that of venturimeter. For those who want to use an orifice plate or a venturi. Flowmeters and turndown ratio rangeability turndown ratio for flow measurement devices like orifices, venturi meters etc. An orifice is an opening in the side or base of tank or reservoir through which fluid is discharge in the form of a jet. In this post the effect of venturi meter and orifice plate on the fluid flow will be disciussed and complete work will be presented in the form of report. Calculate the coefficient of discharge from experimental data for a venturi meter. Jul 24, 2018 subject fluid mechanics topic module 4 orifice meter lecture 29 faculty venugopal sharma gate academy plus is an effort to initiate free online digital resources for the first time. Orifice flow meter and ushaped tube manometer in pipe line.
Engineering fluid mechanics solution manual 15 chapter two tutorial problems 2. Devices with a lower coefficient of discharge may not necessarily have a lower permanent loss for the same flow. The downstream bore of the orifice is chamfered at 40 degree angle to provide an effective orifice plate thickness. The nozzle flow meter included or any of the optional flow meters. The equipment is designed as a self sufficient unit. Daniel measurement and control white papersfundamentals of orifice meter measurement page 1 fluid meters are divided into two functional groups one measures quantity positive displacement. Orifice meter or orifice plate video lecture from fluid dynamics chapter of fluid mechanics subject for all students. To find the coefficient of discharge for orifice meter. Fluid mechanics and hydraulic machines experimental no. Fluid mechanics fluid flow commonly occurs in most cryogenic systems. The main objectives of this experiment is to obtain the coefficient of discharge from. Each meter works by its ability to alter a certain physical property of the flowing fluid and then allows this alteration to be measured.
An orifice in a pipeline is shown in figure with a manometer for measuring the drop in pressure differential as the fluid passes through the orifice. Fluid mechanics by modi and seth, standard book house. Venturi meter and orifice meter are the commonly used flow meters for measuring massvolumetric flow rate or velocity of the flowing fluid. As the fluid from the entry section of venturimeter flows into the converging section, its pressure keeps on reducing and attains a minimum value p2 when it enters the throat. Fluid mechanics notes pdf fm notes pdf starts with the topics covering introduction to dimensions and units physical properties of fluids specific gravity, viscosity, surface tension. The design of a fluid meters apparatus for the fluid. Fm 308 flow measurement by venturi and orifice meter. The design of a fluid meters apparatus for the fluid mechanics laboratory. Ce 321 sample laboratory report packet this packet contains the following materials to help you prepare your lab reports in ce 321. The tank is assumed to be sufficiently large for the velocity of flow in it to be negligibly small except close to the orifice. Orifice meter flow measurement fluid mechanics scribd. And this is the relevant section from the reference handbook, and the equations can be readily derived by the same principles we used earlier. The orifice, nozzle and venturi flow rate meters use the bernoulli equation to calculate fluid flow rate using pressure difference through obstructions in the flow sponsored links in a flow metering device based on the bernoulli equation the downstream pressure after an obstruction will be lower than the upstream pressure before.
Venturi meter and orifice plate effects are two main and very important phenomenas in fuild mechanics sub field of mechanical engineering. Vapor pressure and their influences on fluid motion pressure. Venturi meter, variable area meter and orifice plate with control valve pressure tappings to measure head loss from each meter supplied with manometer board with eight tubes quick release fitting for easy connection to hydraulics bench educational software available as an option. Fm 308 flow measurement by venturi and orifice meter objectives. Figure of orifice meter for lab test figure of orifice meter in field orifice plates and flanges description of orifice meter the main parts of an orifice flow meter are as follows. And an orifice meter is simply a small disc or an opening in a pipeline where the fluid flows, and therefore the pressure changes as shown here. Ce272 fluid mechanics sessional lab manual department of civil engineering ahsanullah university of science and technology november, 2017. A few of the particles first move downward, then take a turn to enter into the orifice and then finally flow through it. Every obstruction has a critical fluid flow speed at which vortex shedding occurs. The pressure drop across the orifice is 80 mm of paraffin. To find the coefficient of discharge of an orifice meter.
Orifice meter or orifice plate fluid dynamics fluid. Orificemeter is a device used for measuring the rate of fluid flowing through a pipe. Subject fluid mechanics topic module 4 orifice meter lecture 29 faculty venugopal sharma gate academy plus is an effort to initiate free online digital resources for the first. Nov 20, 2016 venturi meter and orifice plate effects are two main and very important phenomenas in fuild mechanics sub field of mechanical engineering. The venturi meter has a converging conical inlet, a cylindrical throat and a diverging. A simple sharpedged orifice demonstration for the fluid. Jul 10, 2018 pdf fluid mechanics textbook by rk bansal free download. A stainless steel orifice plate which is held between flanges of a pipe carrying the fluid whose flow rate is being measured. Fluid mechanics module 4 venturi meter lecture 28 youtube. Note that if a point is a free surface the pressure is normally atmospheric but if gauge pressures are used, the pressure and pressure head becomes zero. A stainless steel orifice plate which is held between flanges of a pipe carrying the fluid. Energy losses through venturi, orifice, and rotameter flowmeters. Orifice is a device which is used for discharging fluids in to the atmosphere from tanks.
It consists of flat circular plate which has a circular hole, in concentric with the pipe. Fundamentals of fluid mechanics plays a vital role when you are going for an interview in a core company. The liquid particles, in order to flow out through the orifice, move towards the orifice from all directions. It first discusses what a fluid is and how it is distinguished from a solid, basic characteristics of liquids and gases, and concepts of normal and shear forces and stresses. The minimum crosssectional area of the jet immediately after the orifice is known as the vena contracta.
That is, in the throat, the fluid pressure p2 will be minimum. Orifice meter are depending on bernoullis equation. The orifice meter, the nozzle meter, and the venturi meter are the most common devices used to measure the instantaneous flowrate. Finnemore and the lab manual fluid mechanics sessional of. Venturi meter and orifice meter are the commonly used flow meters for measuring massvolumetric flow. This book gives the background to differentialpressure flow measurement and goes through the requirements explaining the reason for them. In this post the effect of venturi meter and orifice plate on the fluid flow. Flow measurementorifice meter fluid mechanics coursera. Fm 308 flow measurement by venturi and orifice meter chemical. Coefficient of discharge of orifice meter will be less than 1, but smaller than cd value of venturimeter. And this is the relevant section from the reference handbook. The apparatus contains a rotameter, a turbinetype meter, a venturi meter, and an orifice meter.
Definition of orifice meter, working principle, classification of orifices, hydraulic coefficients. The discharge will depend up on the head of the fluid h above the level of the orifice. Performance on hydraulic a single stage and multi stage b reciprocating pump 8. Hydraulic pressure, absolute and gauge pressure lesson 3. Fluid mechanics pdf notes fm pdf notes smartzworld. Each of these meters operates on the similar principle. Application of orifices and its characteristics fluid mechanics. Preface fluid mechanics is an undergraduate subject for civil engineers which basically deals with. The typical purpose of an orifice is the measurement of discharge. The design of a fluid meters apparatus for the fluid mechanics. Performance test of a two stage reciprocating air compressor 9.
Manometer tappings are positioned 20mm before the orifice and 10mm after the orifice plate. Introduction the orifice meter, the nozzle meter, and the venturi meter are the most common devices used to measure the instantaneous flowrate. Feb 07, 2015 the fluid whose flow rate is to be measured enters the entry section of the venturimeter with a pressure p1. To find the coefficient of discharge for venturi meter. The p6228 orifice flowmeter consists of a 22 mm bore acrylic tube with a interchangeable sharp edge orifice plate of 8 mm. An orifice may be provided in the vertical side of a vessel or in the base.